Michael Levin: Biology, Life, Aliens, Evolution, Embryogenesis & Xenobots | Lex Fridman Podcast #325

Xenobots Defined

Xenobots, a groundbreaking innovation in synthetic biology, are self-assembling proto-organisms that blur the lines between biology and robotics. Michael Levin explains that these entities are primarily biological, leveraging the natural behaviors of cells and cell collectives to perform tasks without altering their DNA 1. The term "xenobots" itself is controversial, as it challenges traditional distinctions between living organisms and robots, which Levin argues are outdated 2. He emphasizes the innate intelligence and plasticity of these biological systems, showcasing their ability to perform complex tasks without engineered modifications 3.

The plasticity and the intelligence in the biology... what does it do that's surprising before you even start manipulating the hardware in that way?

--- Michael Levin

This innovative approach highlights the potential of xenobots to revolutionize our understanding of life and robotics.

   

Building Xenobots

The creation of xenobots involves a novel engineering approach, utilizing the inherent capabilities of biological cells rather than traditional materials. Michael Levin describes this process as "engineering by subtraction," where cells are freed from their usual roles to explore new forms and functions 4. This method allows cells to self-organize into new structures, demonstrating remarkable abilities such as navigating mazes and self-replication 5. The challenge lies in understanding and harnessing these agential materials, which possess their own goals and preferences, unlike passive materials used in conventional engineering 6.

You're now collaborating with your substrate because your material has an agenda. These cells have billions of years of evolution.

--- Michael Levin

This collaboration between biology and engineering opens up new possibilities for creating adaptive, self-sustaining systems.