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Rethinking the Brain

Plato's metaphor of the psyche as a charioteer controlling two horses—instincts and emotions—has been challenged by modern neuroscience. The outdated notion of a layered brain, with a "lizard brain" at its core, oversimplifies human behavior and undermines the role of emotions as sources of wisdom. Emotions are essential for decision-making, and dismissing them as mere impulses can lead to a misunderstanding of moral responsibility.