Insulin resistance is a precursor to numerous chronic diseases, significantly increasing the risk of conditions like dementia and heart disease. The connection between insulin resistance and infertility is particularly striking, affecting both men and women through different mechanisms. As insulin struggles to induce blood vessel dilation, men may experience erectile dysfunction, highlighting the broader implications of insulin resistance on overall health. These modern ailments, often termed "plagues of prosperity," stem from lifestyle choices that our ancestors would not have encountered.