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Injection Expectations

Saline injections can unexpectedly increase growth hormone and decrease cortisol due to the brain's learned association between injections and hormonal changes. Even when subjects were misled about the effects of the saline, their bodies still responded as if they had received an active drug. This phenomenon highlights the powerful influence of expectation and conditioning on physiological responses.
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    How Placebo Effects Work to Change Our Biology & Psychology

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    • I have a question about the episode How Placebo Effects Work to Change Our Biology & Psychology and the clip Injection Expectations regarding human growth hormone therapy and cortisol levels.

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