I have a question about this episode How to Stop Headaches Using Science-Based Approaches | Huberman Lab Podcast and this Understanding Migraines Why do migraines occur?

Migraines are defined as recurring headache disorders that are often debilitating. They occur more frequently in females than males, with a threefold higher rate in women. This higher prevalence in females is not directly linked to hormonal changes, such as those occurring during the menstrual cycle, as it persists even when these factors are controlled for. Interestingly, pregnancy seems to offer protection against migraines, suggesting complex mechanisms at play that might involve hormonal changes or other factors.

The exact reasons why migraines occur more frequently in females remain unclear and are part of the ongoing research. Migraines are characterized by neural pain, meaning that, regardless of the underlying cause—be it hormonal, inflammatory, or related to the gut-brain axis—the experience of pain at the neural level is the final common pathway [1].