Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body requires more insulin to get glucose out of the circulation. When this system is not working efficiently, glucose levels in the blood remain elevated due to the inability of the cells to take in glucose properly. This condition also causes the liver to become insulin resistant, leading to excessive glucose being pumped into the bloodstream. Contributing factors to type 2 diabetes include energy imbalance, inactivity, sleep deprivation, and hypercortisolemia. Regular exercise is crucial for preventing insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes 1.

Medications like metformin and berberine (a natural alternative) are used to manage type 2 diabetes; metformin works by lowering hepatic glucose production, while berberine shares similar properties, including reducing mTOR and blood glucose levels. Some drugs increase insulin sensitivity or tell the body to produce more insulin, tackling different aspects of the metabolic chain involved in diabetes 2 3.

The rise of diabetes also increases complications like diabetic retinopathy, a major cause of vision loss due to damage inside the retina of the eye. Early screening is recommended for those with diabetes to detect and manage retinopathy effectively 4.

For those with type 2 diabetes, understanding studies that evaluate drug effects, like metformin, is important. Kaplan Meyer curves often used in such studies depict mortality, showing how survival rates change over time 5 6.

Chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction within cells, contributing significantly to healthcare expenses due to the lack of medicines that address mitochondrial health 7. Addressing type 2 diabetes and its complications requires comprehensive management including lifestyle modifications, medication, and monitoring of related health issues.

To manage Type 2 diabetes effectively, here are some key strategies discussed on the Huberman Lab and elsewhere:

1. Exercise: Regular physical activity is one of the best ways to maintain insulin sensitivity and manage blood glucose levels. Movement, especially around meal times, can help regulate blood sugar 1.

2. Blood Sugar Control: Achieving and maintaining good blood sugar control is crucial. This involves monitoring blood sugar and using medication if necessary, such as metformin or berberine which help reduce hepatic glucose output 2.

3. Diet: Thoughtful eating and energy balance are important. This doesn't necessarily mean severe calorie restriction but entails eating nutritious foods and managing portion sizes to buffer blood glucose without entering a calorie deficit 2. Minimize consumption of processed and high-sugar foods and focus on unprocessed or minimally processed sources for most nutrients 3.

   Managing Glucose

   Andrew Huberman

   Andrew explains the importance of managing glucose levels and how insulin plays a crucial role in regulating it. He discusses the dangers of high glucose levels and the different ways to manage it, including behavioral changes, diet, and medication.

   

   Huberman Lab

   How Our Hormones Control Our Hunger, Eating & Satiety | Huberman Lab Podcast #16

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4. Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs): The use of CGMs can be a powerful tool in managing Type 2 diabetes by providing real-time feedback on how different foods and activities affect your blood glucose levels. This continuous feedback can lead to better dietary choices and improved understanding of individual glucose responses 4.

5. Note Food Order and Macronutrient Combination: The sequence in which you consume different types of food, as well as the combination of macronutrients during meals, can impact blood sugar levels. Consuming foods in an order that promotes glucose regulation and combining macronutrients intelligently can be beneficial 5.

6. Manage Other Health Factors: Keeping blood pressure under control and managing weight can also reduce the risk of complications like diabetic retinopathy 6.

7. Consult Healthcare Providers: Always work with healthcare providers for a personalized diabetes management plan, especially if considering supplements or new medication regimens.

Remember, while these tips can guide your efforts in managing Type 2 diabetes, it is essential to work closely with a healthcare provider to create a plan that is tailored to your specific health needs and conditions.