How does serotonin affect mood regulation?
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Serotonin significantly affects mood regulation by creating a sense of comfort and contentment. Its role is contrasted with dopamine, which drives motivation and pursuit of goals, while serotonin makes us feel more at ease and satisfied with our current state 1.
Most serotonin that impacts mood is produced in the brain, specifically in the Raffe nucleus, rather than the gut. This neuromodulator influences whether we feel satiated and calm or not 2. Serotonin's modulation of neural circuits can have dramatic effects on mood, especially when related to treatments for depression using SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors). These treatments can elevate serotonin levels, which can assist with mood improvements through neural circuit changes, enhancing neuroplasticity rather than simply increasing serotonin itself 3 4.
Elevated serotonin levels can lead to feelings of satiety and well-being, but if levels are too high, side effects like reduced appetite and libido can occur. Techniques such as engaging in physical contact or experiencing gratitude can naturally boost serotonin levels without these side effects 5 3.