What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation?

Extrinsic motivation involves performing a task to earn a reward or avoid punishment from external sources, such as money, grades, or social approval. This type of motivation often increases productivity but may only boost the quantity of work, not necessarily the quality. Over time, relying solely on extrinsic rewards can diminish a person's intrinsic interest in the task 1.

Intrinsic motivation, on the other hand, is driven by internal satisfaction and the enjoyment of the task itself. It involves engaging in an activity because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable. This form of motivation is associated with better focus, persistence, and performance in the face of challenges. Intrinsic motivation allows individuals to find flow—a state of deep absorption where time seems to disappear—leading to greater fulfillment and efficiency 2 3.

Intrinsic motivation is often considered more sustainable and powerful. It can be nurtured by deriving pleasure from the effort process itself rather than from external rewards. Achieving goals driven by intrinsic motivation can produce long-lasting satisfaction and resilience 4.

However, extrinsic rewards can be useful for initiating behavior change or when intrinsic motivation is lacking. The key is to balance both types, ensuring that extrinsic rewards do not undermine intrinsic motivation 5.

Examples of Extrinsic Motivation

1. Financial Incentives: One common example of extrinsic motivation is earning money. Many people work jobs they may not love because they need the paycheck to support themselves and their families. These financial rewards incentivize productivity but tend to improve the quantity of work rather than its quality 1.

2. Grades in School: Students often study hard to achieve high grades, which serve as a form of external validation. This system ensures students complete their assignments and exams, but it doesn’t necessarily guarantee deep learning or enjoyment of the subjects 2.

Examples of Intrinsic Motivation

1. Personal Creativity: Engaging in intrinsically joyful activities like playing music, dancing, or skiing without requiring additional dopamine-releasing mechanisms can foster a more sustainable and powerful form of motivation. This type of motivation is driven by the pleasure and satisfaction derived from the activity itself 3.

   
   1
   Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic Motivation
   00:32:28
   
   2
   Relationships and Innovation
   00:33:49
   
   3
   Intrinsic Motivation Unleashed
   01:35:40
   
   4
   Nurturing Intrinsic Motivation
   00:23:07

2. Learning for Self-Improvement: Developing an interest in a subject out of sheer curiosity, even in areas one initially had little interest in. For instance, forcing oneself to find hooks in a topic, exploring its fascinating aspects, and ultimately enjoying learning and improving oneself in that field is a demonstration of intrinsic motivation 4.

These examples illustrate how different types of motivation—extrinsic and intrinsic—can significantly impact behavior and overall satisfaction. To foster long-term engagement and fulfillment, it’s often beneficial to nurture intrinsic motivation while carefully utilizing extrinsic rewards.