transcranial direct current stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) delivers a small electrical current through electrodes on the scalp to influence brain activity; in sleep research, it has been studied as a way to enhance deep sleep. 1

• One study: A study reported about a 60% boost in the electrical quality of deep sleep and nearly doubled sleep-related memory benefits. Walker also notes that a replication did not reproduce the effects as strongly. 2
• Sleep-optimization methods: Electrical stimulation, including tDCS, is one of four approaches discussed, alongside acoustic, thermal, and movement-based (kinesthetic) stimulation. 3
• Related technique—TMS: Transcranial magnetic stimulation is another form of brain stimulation. The discussion describes its use for depression and mentions neuromodulation more broadly in relation to conditions including OCD; it does not specifically establish TMS as a treatment for ADHD. 4