methylene blue

Methylene blue has established medical uses and is also discussed as a possible cognitive enhancer, but benefits and safety with regular use remain uncertain.

• Historical use and mitochondria: It has been used for carbon monoxide poisoning, and it binds to mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase. Another explanation describes it as an electron acceptor and donor that can shuttle electrons in mitochondria. 1 2
• Recall reports: One clinician suggested no more than 10 mg in the morning and said some users report better brain function, recall, and memory; these are reports, not definitive evidence of benefit. 3
• Color changes: It can stain the mouth, and urine may turn green or blue for about 24 hours. The clinician suggested that no urine color change could indicate inefficient mitochondrial use, but that interpretation was presented as his clinical view. 4
• MAOI effects: Methylene blue has mild monoamine oxidase inhibitor activity, which may let serotonin act longer in the synaptic cleft. A separate discussion cautions that an excessive dose can cause serotonin syndrome. 5 6
• Sports rules and evidence: Sports eligibility should be checked with the relevant governing body; the guest said he did not believe it was on the prohibited list. Research discussed includes small pilot trials suggesting possible benefits, alongside concern that too much could disrupt redox balance. 7 8

Overall, the evidence described is preliminary, and the potential effects and safety of routine use remain uncertain. 9