What is the relation between adenosine and adenosine triphosphate?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is closely related to adenosine as it is composed of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups. During energy-consuming processes within the body, ATP is broken down to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or even adenosine monophosphate (AMP), releasing energy in the process. As the phosphates are removed, adenosine is left behind. An accumulation of adenosine in the body can promote sleepiness by binding to specific receptors. This process is notably affected by caffeine, which blocks these adenosine receptors, preventing the sensation of tiredness despite high levels of adenosine resulting from exertion or energy consumption 1.

This relationship emphasizes the central role ATP plays as an energy currency in cells, with adenosine being a component involved in regulating sleep through its interaction with receptors affected by energy depletion.