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  • Breast cancer and alcohol

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    Alcohol consumption is linked to breast cancer risk through multiple mechanisms:

    1. Hormone Alteration: Alcohol increases the conversion of testosterone to estrogen, a process known as aromatization. Elevated estrogen levels are associated with a higher risk of estrogen-related cancers, including certain types of breast cancer 1.

    2. Gene Expression and DNA Methylation: Alcohol can induce changes in gene expression and DNA methylation, leading to disruptions in cell cycles and increased cancer risk. This includes the heightened risk of breast cancer, especially in women 2.

    3. Tumor Proliferation: Alcohol can enhance tumor growth while simultaneously decreasing the molecules that help suppress cancer proliferation. Regular alcohol consumption significantly increases the risk of developing breast cancer 3.

    4. Dosage Impact: Even moderate alcohol intake is linked to cancer risk. For instance, consuming 10 grams of alcohol per day (approximately one drink) can increase the risk of breast cancer by 4-13% 3.

    5. B Vitamins: There is some evidence that folate and B12 may partially offset the increased cancer risk from alcohol, but they do not offer complete protection 4.

    6. General Cancer Risk: In addition to breast cancer, alcohol is a known carcinogen that increases the overall risk of developing various cancers, including oral and throat cancers 5.

    Overall, strongly advises against excessive alcohol consumption to reduce health risks, including cancer 6.

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  • How many drink per week

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    From the data collected by the , provides specific guidelines and insights about alcohol consumption:

    1. Maximum Safe Limit: advises limiting alcohol intake to a maximum of one to two drinks per week. He notes that zero alcohol consumption is better for overall health than low to moderate alcohol consumption, which itself is better than high consumption (12-24 or more drinks per week) 1.

    2. Impact on Brain Health: Even low to moderate consumption, such as seven to fourteen drinks per week, can cause brain degeneration, including thinning of the neocortex 2. There is a near-linear relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed and brain atrophy 3.

    3. Risks Associated with Fertility: For those trying to conceive, strongly recommends avoiding alcohol altogether, as even low levels can negatively impact both sperm and egg quality. If alcohol is consumed, it should be limited to one or two drinks per week at most 4.

    4. Breast Cancer Risk: Moderate alcohol consumption can significantly increase the risk of breast cancer, especially for women. references that beyond two drinks per week, the risk for breast cancer and other health issues begins to increase 5.

    5. General Recommendations: Overall, the message is clear: while some may find occasional drinking enjoyable, the healthiest choice is to avoid alcohol completely. For those who do choose to drink, advises strict moderation and prioritizing other health-supporting behaviors to offset alcohol's negative impacts 1.

    In summary, to mitigate health risks—particularly regarding brain health, fertility, and cancer risk—it is best to limit alcohol intake to no more than one or two drinks per week, if not avoiding it entirely.

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