Women fertility

Women’s fertility is influenced by age and ovarian reserve, alongside health and lifestyle factors. 1 2

• Ovarian reserve: The number of eggs and follicles in reserve declines over time. A clinician can estimate it using an ultrasound count of antral follicles and/or an AMH blood test; these are useful indicators but do not directly determine whether someone can get pregnant. 3 4
• Nutrition, exercise, sleep, and stress: Daily choices around food, physical activity, sleep, and stress contribute to overall inflammation and hormonal health. The discussion recommends more fiber and anti-inflammatory foods, fewer ultra-processed foods, adequate sleep, and productive stress management. 5 6
• Alcohol and tobacco: While trying to conceive, the guidance is to avoid alcohol if possible; if drinking, limit it to one or two drinks per week at most. Avoid smoking and vaping nicotine, and do not drink during pregnancy. 7 8
• Cannabis: Avoid cannabis while trying to conceive and during pregnancy. The discussion links use with reduced egg retrieval numbers and fertilization rates, as well as concerns about sperm quality and miscarriage risk. 9

Age and ovarian reserve are important, but lifestyle choices can also matter for reproductive health. 2