What is menopause and perimenopause

Menopause and perimenopause are significant phases in a woman's reproductive life characterized by hormonal changes.

Menopause is defined as the point at which a woman has gone one year without a menstrual period, signaling the end of ovarian function. It typically occurs around the age of 51 to 52, but can range from 45 to 55. This phase signifies a significant hormonal shift, where the levels of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone produced by the ovaries decrease significantly, marking the end of the reproductive years 1.

Perimenopause is the transitional phase leading up to menopause and can last up to ten years. During perimenopause, women may experience significant fluctuations in hormones, particularly estrogen, which can lead to various symptoms such as changes in the menstrual cycle, sleep disturbances, increased anxiety, and other physical changes. This period is marked by "hormonal chaos" due to unpredictable surges and drops in hormone levels, which makes diagnosis based on symptoms rather than blood tests more effective 2 3.

These phases not only involve changes in reproductive capability but also impact other bodily systems, potentially influencing factors like cerebral metabolism and cardiovascular health. Increased research and awareness are essential for better understanding and managing these transitional stages effectively 4.