what is the science behind EMDR and it's use for dissociation

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a therapeutic approach primarily used for treating trauma and stress-related disorders. It was developed by Francine Shapiro, and involves lateralized eye movements while patients recount traumatic or distressing events. This process has shown potential in reducing activation of the amygdala, a brain region involved in fear and threat responses, thus easing the emotional load attached to traumatic memories 1 2.

While EMDR has been criticized and its mechanisms were initially doubted, recent studies have provided evidence of its effectiveness. The lateralized eye movements used during EMDR are similar to those naturally occurring when moving through space, such as walking or running. These movements are thought to help dissociate the emotional experience from the trauma, allowing individuals to recall these events without the associated stress 3.

EMDR is particularly noted for its effectiveness with single-event traumas, rather than complex or prolonged traumatic experiences. The side-to-side eye movements are believed to suppress the threat reflex and reduce autonomic arousal, which helps individuals feel calmer and less stressed 4 5. Despite some early skepticism, the growing body of peer-reviewed studies supports EMDR as a viable therapy for trauma and PTSD 3.