How does exercise impact mental health?

Exercise can benefit mental health both immediately and over time:

• Improves mood and eases distress: Even one aerobic workout can boost mood; studies discussed also found reduced anxiety, depression, and hostility, alongside increased energy. 1
• Supports mood with regular exercise: Over three months, people who increased how often they exercised reported better mood, less anxiety and depression, and more positive affect; the improvement increased with exercise frequency in the study. 2
• Can help you feel better quickly: A 20-minute run was described as having a strong positive effect on mood and the nervous system; even a 10-minute vigorous workout was associated with feeling better and a better mood. 3 4
• May strengthen mental control: Vigorous exercise was linked to increased serotonin and improved impulse control, while a single exercise session can also improve attention and reaction time. 5 6

Overall, the evidence presented suggests exercise can lift mood and reduce anxious or depressive feelings, with regular activity associated with broader and more lasting benefits.